Extreme heat warnings arise when forecast models project sustained high temperatures and humidity that exceed historical norms for a region. These forecasts are issued by national weather services such as the National Weather Service in the United States or the Met Office in the United Kingdom, and they are calibrated to local climatology.
The definition of an extreme heat warning varies slightly between agencies, but common criteria include a temperature threshold (often 100°F/38°C or higher), a high heat index, and an extended duration. The warning is a public‑health tool designed to reduce heat‑related illnesses and fatalities by encouraging protective actions.